Bab Sakrah al-Maut: Doktrin "Sakratulmaut" dalam Tradisi Islam di Nusantara dan Pengaruh Penghayatan-penghayatan Spiritual Najm al-Din al-Kubra

Muhammad Tarobin

doi:10.37014/jumantara.v12i1.1159

Authors

Muhammad Tarobin Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Jakarta

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37014/jumantara.v12i1.1159

Keywords:

Colour, Death, Kubrawi Sufism, The Occult Views, Sakratulmaut Discourse

Abstract

Bab Sakrah al-Maut (BSM) is a manuscript which so far has copies in various places, including: Aceh, Jakarta, Cirebon (West Java), and Sragen (Central Java). The manuscript is also written in various languages: Arabic, Javanese-Cirebon, and Malay. A study of this text is important to show that the sakratulmaut discourse which developed in the Islamic tradition on the Archipelago is an alternative discourse to the doctrine of "kalepasan" which developed in the Siwa-Buddhist and Islamic Javanese traditions. This study aims to: first, make a comparison to the study of Ahmad Wahyu Sudrajad who called this manuscript as a single manuscript, entitled Sakaratul Maut and written by Sheikh Imam Tabri bin Muhammad Khassan Besari in the middle of the XIX century. Second, making comparisons with the Serat Dewaruci and Fawa'ih¸ al-Jamal wa Fawatih¸ al-Jalal texts. This was done to examine the characteristics of the sakratulmaut discourse in the BSM text and to test the opinion of Martin van Bruinessen who said that Syarif Hidayatullah had a connection with the Kubrawiah sufi order. Based on the philological and intertextual approaches, this study finds that: first, five BSM manuscripts have been found so far and it is strongly suspected that Syekh Imam Tabri was only a BSM manuscript copyist from existing manuscripts. Second, the comparison between the BSM text, the Serat Dewaruci and Fawa'ih¸ al-Jamal wa Fawatih¸ al-Jalal texts shows that the sakratulmaut discourse in the BSM text is dominated by the similarities with the occult views of Najm al-Din al-Kubra. This led to the assumption that the BSM text was composed by figures in the circles of Syarif Hidayatullah (d. 1568 AD) and Syams al-Din al-Sumatra'i (d. 1630 AD).

References

Manuskrip

Anonim. Bab Sakrah al-Maut. Naskah berbahasa Melayu 07.00006(E) Koleksi Museum Negeri Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, t.t.

Anonim. Bab Sakrah al-Maut. Naskah berbahasa Arab W.280(F), A 675(C) Koleksi Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia; dan MBI004(H) Koleksi drh. H.M. Bambang Irianto, t.t.

Anonim. [Inilah Perintah Sakaratul Maut]. Naskah berbahasa Melayu 07.00006(F) Koleksi Museum Negeri Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, t.t.

Tengku Abu Bakar. [Risalah Martabat Tujuh]. Naskah Koleksi Tengku Husin Saleh, Daik, Pulau Lingga, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau, t.t.

Buku dan Artikel

Arps, Bernard. "Dewa Ruci and the light thatis Muhammad: The Islamization of a Buddhist text in the Yasadipuran version of the Book of Dewa Ruci." dalam Manunggaling Kawula lan Gusti dalam naskah Nusantara. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia, 2011. diunduh dari https://openaccess.leidenuniv.nl/handle/1887/19569.

Azra, Azyumardi. Jaringan Ulama Timur Tengah dan Kepulauan Nusantara Abad XVII dan XVIII. Jakarta: Prenada Media, 2007.

Baldick, Julian. Islam Mistik: Mengantar Anda ke Dunia Tasawuf, terj. Satrio Wahono. Jakarta: Serambi, 2002.

Behrend, T.E. Katalog Induk Naskah-Naskah Nusantara Jilid 4 (Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia). Jakarta: YOI-EFEO, 1998.

Bruinessen, Martin van. "Najmuddin al-Kubra, Jumadil Kubra, and Jamaluddin al-Akbar: Traces of Kubrawiyya Influence in early Indonesian Islam." dalam Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 150, No. 2 (1994): 305-329. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/ 10.1163/22134379-90003084.

Corbin, Henry. The Man of Light in Iranian Sufism. London: Shambala, 1978.

Dahlan, Abdul Aziz. Penilaian Teologis atas Paham Wahdat al-Wujud (Kesatuan Wujud) Tuhan-Alam-Manusia dalam Tasawuf Syamsuddin Sumatrani. Padang: IAIN-IB Press, 1999.

Damais, Louis-Charles. "Tentang Perlambangan Warna Pada Mata Angin." dalam Epigrafi dan Sejarah Nusantara: Pilihan Karangan Louis-Charles Damais, terj. Tim Puslitarkenas. Jakarta: EFEO-Puslitarkenas, 1995.

Duijker, Marije. "The worship of Bhima." Disertasi pada Leiden University, 2010. Diunduh dari http://hdl.handle.net/1887/15227.

Dwijayanthi, Ni Made Ari. "Kalepasan Dalam Kakawin Panca Dharma." Denpasar: Tesis Bidang Ilmu Linguistik pada Universitas Udayana, 2013. Diunduh melalui http://www.pps.unud.ac.id/thesis/pdf_thesis/unud-870-813107560-kalepasan%20dalam%20kakawin%20panca%20dharma_tesis.pdf.

El-Mawa, Ayus Mahrus. "Fadhilah Khan, Raja Cirebon Pasca Sunan Gunung Jati." 24 Juli 2020, diakses dari https://alif.id/read/ayus-mahrus-el-mawa/fadhilah-khan-raja-cirebon-pasca-sunan-gunung-jati-b231565p/ pada 5 Oktober 2020.

Elias, Jamal J. "AKubrawi Treatise on Mystical Visions: The Risala-yi Nuriyya of 'Ala ad-Dawla as-Simnani." Jurnal The Muslim World Vol. 83, No. 1 (Januari, 1993): 68-80.

Fathurahman, Oman. Filologi Indonesia: Teori dan Metode. Jakarta: Kencana, 2015.

Fathurahman, Oman. Tanbih al-Masyi; Menyoal Wahdatul Wujud: Kasus Abdurrauf Singkel di Aceh Abad 17. Bandung: Mizan-EFEO, 1999.

Goksoy, Ismail Hakki. "Ottoman-Aceh relations as documented in Turkish sources." dalam Mapping The Acehnese Past, edited by R. Michael Feener, Patrick Daly, Anthony Reid. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2011.

Gross, David. The Past in Ruins: Tradition and the Critique of Modernity. Massachussets: The University of Massachussets Press, 1992.

Gull, Surayia. "Development of Kubraviya Sufi order in Kashmir with Special Reference to Mir Saiyid Ali Hamadani." New Delhi: Disertasi pada Departement of Islamic Studies, Jamia Millia Islamia, 1999.

Gunawan, Aditia. Bhima Svarga: teks Jawa Kuna abad ke-15 dan penurunan naskahnya. Jakarta: Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia, 2019.

Johns, A. H. "Reflections on The Mysticism of Shams al-Din al-Samatra'i (1550?-1630)." dalam Studia IslamikaVol. 18, No. 2 (2011): 231-244. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15408/sdi.v18i2.433.

"Jubah Para Bhikkhu/ni," 2010, dalam https://shambhalaguardian.wordpress.com/2010/11/15/ jubah-para-bhikkhuni/ diakses 5 Oktober 2020.

Maulani, Abdullah. "Kasyf al-Muntazar lima Yarahu al-Muhtadhar: Dirasah Filolojiyah." Skripsi pada UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2016.

Maulani, Abdullah. "Respons Ibrahimm al-Kurani atas Pemahaman Masyarakat Muslim Nusantara tentang Konsep Kematian; Studi Kasus Naskah Kasyf al-Muntazar lima Yarahu al-Muhtadhar"; diakses 27 Agustus 2020. https://www.academia.edu/32233025/ Respons_Ibrahim_al_Kurani_atas_Pemahaman_Masyarakat_Muslim_Nusantara_tentang_Konsep_Kematian_Studi_Kasus_Naskah_Kasyf_Al_Muntazar_Lima_Yarahu_Al_Muhtadhar.

Munawwir, Ahmad Warson. Al-Munawwir: kamus Arab-Indonesia terlengkap. Surabaya: Pustaka Progressif, 1997.

Nasuhi, Hamid. Serat Dewaruci: Tasawuf Jawa Yasadipura I. Jakarta: UIN Jakarta Press, 2009.

Nasuhi, Hamid. "Yasadipura I (1729-1803) Biografi dan Karya-Karyanya." dalam Al-Turas Vol. 12, No. 3 (2006). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15408/bat.v12i3.

Poniman. "Konsep Kalepasan Dalam Lontar Ganapati Tattwa." dalam SPHATIKA Jurnal Teologi Brahma Widya IHDN Denpasar. Vol. 6, No. 1, Tahun 2012, h. 1-23, diakses dari http://download.portalgaruda.org/article.php?article=117631&val=5416&title=KONSEP%20KALEPASAN%20DALAM%20LONTAR%20GANAPATI%20TATTWA.

Purwadi. Tasawuf Jawa. Yogyakarta: Narasi, 2003.

Al Qurtuby, Sumanto. Arus Cina-Islam-Jawa: Bongkar Sejarah atas Peranan Tionghoa dalam Penyebaran Agama Islam di Nusantara Abad XV & XVI. Yogyakarta: Inspeal-Perhimpunan INTI, 2003.

Rafiabadi, Hamid Naseem. "Spiritual Economy - Syed Ali Hamadani and his role in the anvancement of Arts and crafts in Kashmir." Dalam World Religion and Islam: A Critical Studie (Part I), ed. Hamid Naseem Rafiabadi. New Delhi: Sarup and Sons, 2003.

Ronkel, Ph. S. van. Supplement to The Catalogue of The Arabic Manuscripts Preserved in The Mueseum of The Batavia Society of Arts and Sciences. Batavia: Albrecht; The Hague: Nijhoff, 1913.

Schimmel, Annemarie. Mystical Dimensions of Islam. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 1975.

Simuh. Mistik Islam Kejawen Raden Ngabehi Ranggawarsita: Suatu Studi terhadap Serat Wirid Hidayat Jati. Jakarta: UI Press, 1988.

Soebardi, S. The Book of Cabolek. Leiden: KITLV-Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V., 1975. diunduh dari https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-4772-1.

Sudrajad, Ahmad Wahyu. "Inventarisasi dan Terjemahan Teks Sakaratul Maut Karya Syekh Imam Tabri (Kajian Sejarah Kepustakaan Islam)." dalam JumantaraVol. 9, No. 2 (2018): 27-47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.37014/jumantara.v9i2.242.

Tarobin, Muhammad. "Naskah-Naskah Keagamaan Koleksi Bambang Irianto Dan Elang Panji Jaya." Dalam Penelusuran Naskah-Naskah Kuno Keagamaan di Cirebon dan Indramayu, ed. Chaerul Arif. Jakarta: Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Agama Jakarta, 2016.

Tarobin, Muhammad. Sakaratul Maut (SMLK): Kritik 'Abd al-Ra'uf al-Jawi al-Fansuri terhadap Tradisi Islam Jawi di Aceh Abad XVII. Tangerang Selatan: LSIP, 2012.

Tarobin, Muhammad. "Sakaratul Maut Karya 'Abd al-Ra'uf al-Fansuri: Teks dan Doktrin Sakratulmaut di Jawi Abad XVII-XVIII." Dalam Jurnal Lektur Keagamaan, Vol. 19, No. 2 (2020): 365-398. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31291/jlk.v18i2.827.

Teeuw, A. Sastra dan Ilmu Sastra. Bandung: Pustaka Jaya, 2013.

Zaidan, Yusuf. Syaikh Najm al-Din al-Kubra, Fawa'ih¸ al-Jamal wa Fawatih al-Jalal: Dirasah wa Tahqiq. Qahirah: Dar Sa'ad al-Sabah, 1993.

Zoetmulder, P.J., S.O. Robson. Kamus Jawa Kuna-Indonesia. terj. Darusuprapta, Sumarti Suprayitna. Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 1995.