Jumantara: Jurnal Manuskrip Nusantara

Bentang dan Tanda-tanda Alam Serta Perubahan Nama Tumbuhan dan Hewan dalam Bratayuda Kawi Mawi Jarwa

2024-04-23T03:18:48+00:00

This article discusses the landscapes and natural signs contained in the text of Bratayuda Kawi mawi Jarwa, a jarwa text by R. Ng. Ranggawarsita whose writing uses a three-column commentary system. In general, the content of this text is only a jarwan or translation of Kakawin Bharatayuddha, so in terms of narrative the story in it is exactly the same as the kakawin form. The content of this text mostly discusses warfare, but it is not uncommon for poets to tell landscapes in the story. The landscape described by the poet is a forest landscape, besides that the poet also describes the natural signs that occur if a major event will or has occurred. On the other hand, from the three-column jarwa form used in this manuscript, the kakawin text and jarwa text can be compared so that it can be seen how the transformation of Javanese language from the old Javanese language to the new Javanese language, including the mention of plant and animal names. In its discussion, this article uses a philological approach, followed by an attempt to compare the texts between Kakawin Bharatayuddha and Bratayuda Kawi mawi Jarwa. With these approaches, this article analyzes several things, namely (1) landscapes in the text of Bratayuda Kawi mawi Jarwa, (2) signs of nature in the text of Bratayuda Kawi mawi Jarwa, and (3) transformation of plant and animal names. The results of the following research are (1) there are images of nature in the BKMJ text in the form of forest landscapes mentioned twice in the text, (2) there are two types of natural signs, namely natural signs as messengers and natural signs as depictions, (3) 49 plant names and 38 animal names are found, most of the names are still the same but there are also some differences.

Seni Berperang pada Masa Jawa Kuno: Pola Astrologis-Simbolik dalam Naskah Yoga Catur Dewata

2024-07-22T06:02:59+00:00

Lontar Yoga Catur Dewata (YCD) is a literature in Old Javanese that discusses yoga for starting a war. The art of war is mostly concerned only with war strategy (Griffith 2005; Suryohadiprojo 2008). This study found that the art of war that developed in ancient Java used yoga practices with astrological patterns. YCD manuscripts as research objects are recorded in the FS UI collection with the code AH.58 LT-142 and are now stored in the UI's Library. The text of YCD describes the strategy of war to defeat the enemy personally with astrological-symbolic aspects. It deals with counting days, mantras, yogic practices of the existence of deities in sthana, svaravyanjana-nyasa 'syllabic applause', and animal symbolism. The main formulation of this research problem is how to reveal the narrative of astrological-symbolic patterns and the exposure of the relationship with astrological patterns by the art of war in ancient Java. Research requires philological work to produce text editions from YCD manuscripts. The methods used for data analysis are qualitative descriptive and Pierce's semiotic theory to analyze interpretive signs. The results of this study show that the astrological narrative found in the YCD text is related to warfare strategies in ancient Java. It is a local genius and folk science that developed in the community and is recorded in the YCD text.

Menelisik Mitologi Masyarakat Kerinci dalam Naskah Incung Ini Asan Pulung

2023-11-24T07:49:10+00:00

Ini Asan Pulung is one of the Incung manuscripts on bamboo found in Dusun Sungai Tutung, Kerinci. Based on previous research, the manuscript contains cosmological text related to cosmogony and the creation of human. However, the transliteration of the manuscript is incomplete. Therefore, the mythological elements in the manuscript are unknown clearly. The purpose of this research is to publicize the transliteration of Ini Asan Pulung manuscript completely and to explain the elements of mythology in the text. The research method used is descriptive research method with philological approach. This research is conducted in several stages. The first stage is data collection which works with an inventory of manuscripts and a literature review. The second stage is data processing encompasses describing, transliterating, and translating of the manuscript. The third stage is data analysis encompasses commentary and explanation of mythological elements. Transliteration of this manuscript uses the standard edition method to simplify the understanding of the public. The results of this study explain that the Ini Asan Pulung manuscript contains cosmogony myth, creation of human myth (anthropogenic myth), the creation of supernatural beings myth, the relation of human and supernatural beings entities myth, and the cosmology of Kerinci society.

Ramuan Herbal Untuk Pengobatan Penyakit Perempuan dalam Naskah Tradisional Pulau Penyengat

2024-07-26T07:07:53+00:00

The manuscript of Pengobatan Tradisional pada Masyarakat Pulau Penyengat (PTpMPP) contains various types of illnesses along with their herbal ingredients, one of which is illness related to women. This study aims to present the transliteration and editing of the text of the treatment of female diseases in the PTpMPP manuscript and explain the ethnomedicine studies contained therein. The methods used are data collection through field studies and literature studies, data processing through manuscript description, transliteration, and text editing, and data analysis using ethnomedicine theory. The main data source used is the PTpMPP manuscript in Jawi script and Malay language, kept at Yayasan Inderasakti, Penyengat Island as an authentic representation of local traditional medicine. The results of this study present an edited text with five causes of female illness, namely meroyan (ordinary), meroyan throughout the body, meroyan bleeding, meroyan oil to the liver, and women who do not menstruate. Each illness has its own herbs and medical practices used, belonging to the naturalistic medical system.

Resepsi dan Transformasi Narasi Serat Menak Yasadipuran dalam Penciptaan Wayang Menak Gaya Surakarta

2024-11-01T01:20:34+00:00

Serat Menak is a grand corpus of Javanese-Islamic text that is adopted from the Islamic epoch, Qissa-I Emir Hamza or Hikayat Amir Hamzah, which has widely spread in Asian region in the middle of second millenium CE. The popularity of Serat Menak made this text has many variants, and the one which is largely recognized was Yasadipura I (1729-1803)'s version which was composed in the beginning of Surakarta era. The text of Serat Menak Yasadipuran then become very well-known in Java, and became the inspiration for some branches of performing arts, such as wayang, whether in its kulit, golek, krucil, or wong formats. One of these wayang genres that took its repertoire from Menak tales was wayang kulit menak, which was introduced in Surakarta in the first quarter of 20th century, the creation of Sutarja Truna Dipa (STD) which has not being scientifically studied yet until this present day. This article aims to identify how far was the relation between STD's Surakarta wayang kulit menak with Serat Menak Yasadipuran, using Wolfgang Iser's Rezeption Aesthetic approach to obtain the reception and transformation patterns from textual narratives to visual forms. The result of this research concluded that STD's Surakarta wayang menak was a living artwork which evolving along times. On the other side, STD as the implied reader has been consistent in recepting Serat Menak Yasadipuran with some additions and adaptations, which was done to fulfil the needs of performance. Innovations done by STD to his wayang menak creation were not limited in the term of transformation from textual to visual media, but also filling the gaps (leerstellen) with the rich formal interpretation, which are completing the narrative of Serat Menak, so it will be more interesting to be played.

Tanah Pertemuan Raja: Sejarah Pernaskahan Kerinci 1370-1819 M

2023-06-09T04:11:49+00:00

In the last 500 years, the Kerinci valley, while enjoying de facto independence, always acknowledged the sovereignty of either Jambi, Indrapura, or Minangkabau. This article examines manuscripts sent by the suzerains of the three kingdoms to the headmen (Depati) of Kerinci and puts them into a historical perspective with particular emphasis on the social and economical impact brought upon the society by the arrival of Islam and colonialism in central Sumatra suggesting that the legal system of Malayu-Jambi essentially remained the same while the fundamental changes in the field of politics and economy are to a large extent attributable to colonialism, and only to a lesser extent to the arrival of Islam. The article also questions existing theories regarding a pre-Islamic Malay manuscript tradition and argues that the emergence of a paper-based Malay manuscript tradition is intrinsically linked to the availability of European paper.